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Julia Sand – Letter 14

Context Julia again makes reference to the Star Route scandal, a case involving bribery of the U.S. post office. She first mentioned this…

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Julia Sand – Letter 20

Context Julia references the death of Charles Guiteau. After being convicted of President Garfield’s murder, Guiteau was sentenced to death and hanged on…

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Julia Sand – Letter 5

Context Julia references her brother, Theodore Sand, whose house she lived in at 46 East 74th St near Central Park in New York…

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Julia Sand – Letter 12

Context Here Julia follows up on the Newton M. Curtis scandal first referenced in her 9th letter. President Arthur and his Department of…

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Julia Sand – Letter 2

 Context After the country watched James Garfield fight for his life for over two months, the President passed on September 19, 1881. That…

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Julia Sand – Letter 16

Context On August 20, 1882, President Arthur arrived unannounced at the Sand residence and spent an hour with Julia and her family. This…

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Julia Sand – Letter 19

Context The Saratoga Convention references the New York State Republican Convention, where the New York Republican Party would choose its nominee for governor.

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Julia Sand – Letter 8

Context This letter references President Arthur’s nomination of Samuel Blatchford to the Supreme Court, but alludes to prior questionable actions on the matter.

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Julia Sand – Letter 23

Context In the summer of 1883, President Arthur spent two months on a trip out west after being invited to explore Yellowstone National…

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Julia Sand – Letter 11

 Context Following President Arthur’s veto of the first Chinese Exclusion Act, Congress revised the bill, cutting the time frame of most provisions by…

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Julia Sand – Letter 17

Context During the Arthur Administration, there were several legal cases that arose regarding political assessments – the act of government officials raising money…

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Julia Sand – Letter 7

 Context This letter makes reference to several of President Arthur’s appointments, beginning with the appointment of Horace Gray to the Supreme Court. Arthur…

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Julia Sand – Letter 21

Context Julia wrote this letter the day after the New York state elections on November 7, 1882. After all of Arthur’s efforts to…

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Julia Sand – Letter 9

Context The first Chinese Exclusion Act passed Congress, but on April 2, 1882, President Arthur vetoed the bill.   Julia makes…

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Julia Sand – Letter 18

Context Julia references Dr. William Holme Van Buren, a well-respected surgeon. Years prior, he had turned down a nomination from Abraham Lincoln to…

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Julia Sand – Letter 4

Context On October 19, 1881, President Arthur gave a speech at Yorktown for the 100th anniversary of the battle that won American independence.

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Julia Sand – Letter 22

 Context Beyond the New York state elections, the country as a whole saw similar results in the elections of November 7, 1882 –…

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Julia Sand – Letter 3

Context President Arthur had recently come back to visit New York City. This move raised concerns – both regarding if the President was…

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Julia Sand – Letter 6

Context This letter was written a few days after the New York State elections of 1881.   Julia makes reference to…

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Julia Sand – Letter 15

Context The “Park” referenced is Central Park. As Julia noted in letter 5, she lived near the 72nd Street entrance. Letter 15…

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Julia Sand – Letter 13

Context Here Julia focuses on the River and Harbor bill of 1882. While intended as a way to improve infrastructure in the U.S.,…

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Julia Sand – Letter 1

Context On July 2, 1881, President James Garfield – only four months into his term – was shot in the back at…

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Julia Sand – Letter 10

Context Back in the fall of 1881, one of Charles Guiteau’s prison guards, Sergeant John A. Mason (some records list him as William…

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Free to Prosper: Health care

For the first time in many years, health care has not been a top political issue. Nevertheless, there are several important health care…